• Less than a minimal quantity (minimal shiur), or
• Eating a small (kolshehu) amount of food.

• Bread (that is, for a meal), say ha'motzi.
• Mezonot (but you will eat a full meal), say ha'motzi.
• A snack, say borei minei mezonot.

• Ha'motzi if the grains are more like wheat grains than sprouts.
  Note If the sprout still has any part of the original grain, excluding the husk, it is still considered to be grain and the fore-blessing is ha'motzi.
• She'hakol if the grains were sprouted in water without soil.

• Fruit from “trees”(borei pri ha'eitz),
• Fruit from the ground (borei pri ha'adama), such as melons and strawberries, and
• Specialty items (she'hakol), such as ice cream.

• You must travel or walk up to 18 minutes away to find water.
• If you are already traveling, you must continue up to 72 minutes (in the direction in which you are going anyway) to find water.
• If you still cannot find water, cover your hands with any type of separation (gloves, sheet of plastic, bag, foil, or some other object) to keep your hands from directly contacting the bread.

• Grain
  The Five Grains (wheat, rye, oats, barley, or spelt) make up at least 20% of the food's flour volume, AND
• Cooking Method
  Food is cooked or baked, AND
• Meal or Snack
  You intend to eat the food as a snack and not a meal.
  Note If you intend to eat a full meal that includes mezonot of a cake-like or bread-like texture, say ha'motzi.
  For basing the fore-blessing on the main or preferential ingredient in a food mixture and/or saying two fore-blessings, see Fore-Blessings (Bracha Rishona): Food Mixtures: Main Ingredient  and Introduction to Food Fore-Blessings (Bracha Rishona): The Five Grains.

• Ha'motzi if they are normally eaten as a meal —even if you eat only a small amount.  The after-blessing is birkat ha'mazon as long as you ate at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) within four minutes.
  Note If you ate less than 1.3 fl. oz. or took more than 4 minutes, do not say any after-blessing.
• Borei minei mezonot if normally eaten as a snack (after-blessing: al ha'michya) .

• You said, or heard someone saying, borei pri ha'gafen,
• Drank some wine (or grape juice),
• Decided to stop drinking (hesech da'at), and
• Returned to drink from the same cup later.

• All foods that did not grow in the ground or on a tree, but also
• Foods that you cannot personally identify as having grown in the ground or on a tree—either because it has been finely ground or processed or because you personally do not know what it is.

• Are hiking or doing other outdoor activities, and
• Have water with you or know there is water along the way, and
• Expect to be thirsty again later in the day and will want to drink water.         

1. Say the fore-blessing (bracha rishona) over the main or most important ingredient in a mixture of foods from various food-blessing categories.
2. The blessing on the main food covers all other ingredients in the mixture.

• German cholent —A variety of wheat is primary; say borei minei mezonot. 
• Hungarian cholent—Barley is primary; say borei minei mezonot.
• Polish cholent —Beans are primary; say borei pri ha'adama.
• Russian cholent —Potatoes are primary; say borei pri ha'adama.
• If meat is most important, say she'hakol.     

• If you ate enough that you became satiated and now you are hungry again:

• If you ate enough to be satiated and are not yet hungry again:
  You may say an after-blessing for up to 72 minutes OR until you are hungry again, whichever comes later.
• If you ate but did not become satiated and are still hungry:
  You can say after-blessing for 72 minutes after you finished eating.

• Wash again and say ha'motzi again, and then say birkat ha'mazon, OR 
• Eat other items with a fore-blessing and after-blessing (since your previous eating is finished).

• Say birkat ha'mazon if you are:
  • Finished eating, and
  • Not hungry again, after having been satiated at the meal.
• Do not say birkat ha'mazon if you are
  • Finished eating, and
  • Hungry again (after having been satiated at the meal), as the original snack or meal is irrelevant to any after-blessing now.

• Continue eating your meal, or
• Say birkat ha'mazon (as long as you had already eaten at least 1.9 fl. oz., or 56 ml, of bread within 4 minutes).

• Finish eating where you begin eating, or
• Intend, when saying the fore-blessing, to continue eating while traveling.

SituationYou eat one item outdoors, then eat food from another category inside your car, which is within view of where you ate the first food.

What To DoYou may say the after-blessings for both foods while in your car (or both outside of your car), even if it is a food that normally would require you to return to the place at which you ate it.

• You had not planned to have a meal (for example, you planned to eat only one slice of pizza but then ate two more), and
• Did not wash your hands before the meal.

• Olive,
• Date,
• Grape,
• Fig,
• Pomegranate.

• They are considered to be one food, AND
• The main component is the Special Fruit.

• Eating at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) of non-mezonot food or non-special fruits within four minutes, OR
• Drinking at least 3.3 fl. oz. (99 ml) of non-grape juice drinks or wine within 30 seconds.

• The amount a person would eat for his/her dinner meal, OR
• Mezonot in addition to other foods that are normally eaten with bread in a quantity sufficient to be a normal dinner meal.

• Do not say al ha'michya if you did not eat at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) of foods baked from the Five Grains within four minutes--even if you had washed your hands and said ha'motzi.
• Do say the appropriate bracha achrona for any other foods of which you ate the minimum (1.3 fl. oz.--39 ml, or 1/6 cup) quantity within four minutes, even though you did not say an individual bracha rishona (since you were planning to

• You eat in one place, intending to continue your meal in another place, AND
• You ate at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) of bread at either place.

• You can see any other tables at which the other men are eating, or
• You had the same waiter as the other men, even if you could not see the rest of the group (such as in an L-shaped room). 

• You don't have enough men for a minyan (see above), AND
• Two men wash, said ha'motzi, and ate bread, AND
• One or more other men ate any food other than water and salt.

• At least seven men washed, said ha'motzi, and ate bread, with
• Enough other men who ate some food (anything other than water or salt) to total 10 men.

• 10 or more women ate together, without men present;
• At least two women washed, said ha'motzi, and ate bread; AND
• At least one more woman ate some type of food.

• Retzei on the first two meals of Shabbat.
• Ya'aleh v'yavo on the first two meals of any Jewish festival day (women only repeat if they forgot it at the Passover seder).

• Rosh Hashana (during the daytime) or
• Rosh Chodesh.