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When To Say Morning Amida
Say the morning amida by the first third of the day (by the 4th hour), but you may still say it until halachic midday, b'di'avad, except if you delay intentionally.
Situation
You are running out of time to say the morning amida. You have said the shema without saying yishtabach or anything following yishtabach (except for the shema).
Situation
You wake up too late to say the amida before halachic noon:
See Minyan: Keeping Pace: Shacharit Minyan.
Situation
You are running out of time to say the morning amida. You have said the shema without saying yishtabach or anything following yishtabach (except for the shema).
What To Do
Just say the amida.
Situation
You wake up too late to say the amida before halachic noon:
What To Do
- Wait until a half-hour after halachic noon and then say mincha, and then
- Repeat the mincha amida as tashlumin.
See Minyan: Keeping Pace: Shacharit Minyan.
Introduction to Kashrut: Dairy/Meat: Baking at Same Time
Five factors affect cooking separate pans of dairy and meat in an oven at the same time (these are all b'di'avad cases):
- Covered
Is either pan (or both) covered?
- Outside Clean and Dry
Are both pans clean and dry on the outside?
- Food Non-Liquid (“Solid”)
Are the contents of one or both of them non-liquid (solid before OR after cooking
OR both)? That is, one or both are non-liquid (“solid”) at:
OR both)? That is, one or both are non-liquid (“solid”) at:
- The beginning of the cooking,
- The end of the cooking, OR
- Both beginning and end of cooking.
- Pans Touching
Are the pans touching?
- Spicy/Charif
Are the contents spicy/charif?
For Whom To Say HaGomel
Don't say ha'gomel for anyone other than yourself (not even for your spouse or children). Likewise, one person may not exempt the entire congregation for ha'gomel except b'di'avad. But when an entire congregation says ha'gomel, use “gemalanu.”
Tzitzit: Placement
Like all tzitzit, tzitzit on a talit gadol should hang over the side edge of the talit and not hang down from the bottom.
Note They are still kosher even if they hang straight down, b'di'avad.
Amida: Bathroom Needs
If you need to use the toilet, you may not say the amida.
Note If you could refrain—even with difficulty--from using the bathroom for 72 minutes after you finish the amida, it is OK b'di'avad.
Kashrut: Dairy/Meat: Baking at Same Time: Solid, COVERED
L'chatchila: Do not bake separate pans—whether uncovered or not—of dairy food and meat food in the oven at the same time.
Reason The food might spill over.
B'di'avad, you may cook pans of dairy food and meat food at the same time in one oven if both are:
Reason The food might spill over.
B'di'avad, you may cook pans of dairy food and meat food at the same time in one oven if both are:
- Not touching,
- Covered, AND
-
Non-liquid; i.e., either:
- Solid, or
- Liquid only at the beginning or end of the cooking (but not both beginning and end).
Kashrut: Dairy/Meat: Baking at Same Time: Solid, UNCOVERED
L'chatchila, you should not bake uncovered dairy and meat foods in the same oven at the same time, even if both pans:
- Are non-liquid, AND
- Do not touch each other.
- Are non-liquid,
- Are clean and dry (on the outside), AND
- Do not contain spicy/charif food.
Example
Situation
- Food in both pans is solid.
- One pan is covered, one pan is uncovered.
- Both pans are clean and dry on outside.
- No spicy/charif.
Passover: When To Finish Kashering
When kashering an oven or utensils for Passover, you may kasher:
- By Libun
Anytime, including on chol ha'moed (but not on Jewish festivals or Shabbat).
- By Hag'ala
Until one hour before halachic midday on Passover eve (but b'di'avad it is OK until
just before sunset of Passover eve).
just before sunset of Passover eve).
Rosh Hashana: How Many Shofar Blasts To Hear
Men are required to hear at least 60 shofar blasts on Rosh Hashana (l'chatchila) in order to fulfill the commandment of hearing shofar: 30 before the musaf amida and 30 afterward. But they fulfill their requirement (b'di'avad) if they have heard at least 30 on each day of Rosh Hashana.
Women only need to hear 30 shofar blasts on each day of Rosh Hashana.
Women only need to hear 30 shofar blasts on each day of Rosh Hashana.
Note Although 100 shofar blasts are blown each day of Rosh Hashana, hearing all 100 is a non-binding custom. You do not need to hear the first blasts or any other particular set, but you must hear blasts that include:
- 3 tashrat (teki'a-shevarim-teru'a-teki'a) +
- 3 tashat (teki'a-shevarim-teki'a) +
- 3 tarat (teki'a-teru'a-teki'a).
Rosh Hashana: Evening Kiddush: New Fruit for SheHecheyanu on Second Night
Place a “new” fruit--over which you may say she'hecheyanu--at the table for kiddush on the second night of Rosh Hashana.
Reason So the she'hecheyanu of kiddush also covers the fruit.
Note B'di'avad, still say she'hecheyanu even if you do not have a new fruit.
Note B'di'avad, still say she'hecheyanu even if you do not have a new fruit.
How Much Matza To Eat
Motzi, Matza
For motzi and matza together, you must eat at least 1.9 fl. oz. (56 ml) of matza within a 4-minute period from when you begin eating.
Afikoman
For afikoman, you must eat another 1.9 fl. oz of matza; b'di'avad, at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) is sufficient.
For motzi and matza together, you must eat at least 1.9 fl. oz. (56 ml) of matza within a 4-minute period from when you begin eating.
Afikoman
For afikoman, you must eat another 1.9 fl. oz of matza; b'di'avad, at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) is sufficient.
Note This amount is about 1/2 of a machine shmura matza, or 1/3 of a hand shmura matza.
Note If your mouth is too dry to eat that quickly, you may drink water with the matza.
Note If your mouth is too dry to eat that quickly, you may drink water with the matza.
Shomer To Honor Dead Person
A “watcher” (shomer) should stay with a dead body at all times until the burial, if possible, to honor the dead person. The watcher should be close enough to be able to see the body. A non-Jew may be a watcher, but only b'di'avad.
Note If the body is being shipped somewhere, it is preferable that a shomer stay with the body, but it is not required.
SheHakol: Which Foods: Mistaken SheHakol
She'hakol may theoretically apply to many foods, b'diavad,--even bread, wine, the Five Special Fruits, and mezonot. However, we have a principle to say the highest-level food blessing possible. If you said she'hakol, mistakenly believing it was the correct blessing for a higher-level food, she'hakol does cover the food after the fact and, b'di'avad, you may eat the bread, wine, or other higher-level food.
Attire: Man's Head Covering for Prayers or Torah Study
Wearing a hat for prayer (for men) is formal wear that shows honor to God. Men do not need to wear a hat but must have some type of head covering when saying blessings, when praying, or when studying holy texts (this is halacha). If a man said a blessing or prayer without a head covering, b'di'avad, it is OK and he does not need to repeat the blessing or prayer.
Kashrut: Dairy/Meat: Baking at Same Time: Both UNCOVERED; One Is Spicy/Charif
Situation Two uncovered pans (one of dairy food, one of meat) are baked in the same oven at same time. The food in only one of them is spicy/charif. Even if the:
The non-spicy utensil and its contents are not kosher.- Pans are clean and dry,
- Pans are not touching, and
- Food is non-liquid.