If you are late to minyan on Shabbat (or Jewish festival) morning, say:

• Shacharit while the minyan is saying the musaf amida (as long as it is not yet too late to say shacharit), and then say
• Musaf while the reader is repeating the amida.

 

As on Shabbat, you may eat non-mezonot and non-bread food before praying Jewish festival shacharit and without making kiddush, in order to avoid hunger or hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

To say hallel on Shabbat and Jewish festivals:

• You do not need to say full hallel immediately after shacharit.
• You may say musaf and/or hallel after mincha.
• Once it is time for mincha, you must say mincha before saying musaf or hallel (if you have not said musaf or hallel yet).

The prayer leader should say out loud the blessing preceding the amida (ga'al yisrael for shacharit; ha'melech bi'chvodo for ma'ariv). If you:

• Are up to where he is in the prayers, say the last blessing with him (and don't say amen but do say amen in ma'ariv).
• Pray slowly and will not be able to join the minyan for saying the amida, you should start earlier than the minyan and catch up at ga'al yisrael.

 

As on Shabbat, don't fast on Jewish festivals (except Yom Kippur!) past halachic midday.

• If you will not finish shacharit before halachic midday, you should eat or drink earlier in the day, even before you begin shacharit—water can be sufficient for this purpose.
• If you will finish shacharit, but not musaf, by halachic midday:
  • Finish shacharit,
  • Make kiddush,
  • Eat some mezonot, and then
  • Return to say musaf.

For those who have the custom of wearing a kittel on Rosh Hashana, the kittel is only worn for shacharit and musaf.

If you went to sleep before sunset on Saturday and planned to wake up for ma'ariv, yet slept through the night...:

• Say shacharit Sunday morning;
• Repeat the amida for tashlumin; then
• Make havdala.

A talit is required only when saying the amida prayer, but the universal custom (for men who wear talitot!) is to wear the talit during the entire shacharit service.
Note A talit is worn for shacharit, musaf, and all day and night on Yom Kippur; it is not commonly worn for mincha or ma'ariv (except on Yom Kippur).

The earliest time to remove tefilin on normal weekdays is after saying u'va l'tzion.

If there is no water to wash hands, even after sleeping, you still say blessings and prayers. You should say asher yatzar even if you can't wash, but do not say al netilat yadayim in shacharit!

If you forgot (or are not sure if you said) ya'aleh v'yavo of:

• If you forgot:  Repeat the amida of Rosh Chodesh shacharit or mincha.
• If you are not sure:  Repeat the amida with the condition that if you had said ya'aleh v'yavo the first time, the second time is a voluntary prayer (tefilat nedava).

On Shabbat and some Jewish festivals, you might want to fulfill some of the quota for making 100 blessings by:

• Eating extra fruit or other foods,
• Hearing and saying amen to the blessings over the:
  • Torah reading,
  • Reader's repetition of the amida for shacharit and musaf, and
  • Haftara by the maftir.

 

Shiv'a lasts seven days. Shloshim lasts 30 days, beginning with Day 1 of shiv'a. There may be some exceptions if shiv'a occurs before or during festivals.   

Introduction to Missed Amida/Tashlumim
If you accidentally miss any amida, you may make up for it (tashlumin)--unless you intentionally missed it.

Amida: Errors: Missed Amida/Tashlumin: Regular Days
Missed Ma'ariv Amida
If you accidentally did not say the amida for ma'ariv:

• Say the normal shacharit amida the next morning with the other men in the minyan.
• Say ashrei.
• When the leader begins his repetition of the amida, say the amida along with him, word for word, including kedusha.
• After saying ha'el ha'kadosh, finish your amida at your own pace.
• If you are not with a minyan, say ashrei and then repeat the shacharit amida.

Missed Shacharit Amida
If you accidentally did not say the amida for shacharit:

• Say the normal mincha amida with the other men in the minyan.
• Say ashrei.

• When the leader begins his repetition of the amida, say the amida along with him, word for word, including kedusha.
• After saying ha'el ha'kadosh, finish your amida at your own pace.
• If you are not with a minyan, say ashrei and then say the mincha amida a second time.

Missed Mincha Amida
If you accidentally did not say the amida for mincha:

• Say the normal ma'ariv amida with the other men in the minyan.
• Say ashrei.
• Say the ma'ariv amida a second time. Skip modim.
• If you are not with a minyan, say ashrei a second time and repeat the ma'ariv amida.

Note At the next prayer service, say whatever is the correct amida for that later prayer service, even if it is not the same amida that you missed.
If you miss mincha on Friday, say the ma'ariv service for Shabbat and repeat that amida again.
Note Once the time for the next amida has passed, you may not make up the missed amida.
Example
If you missed mincha on Thursday, you may only say tashlumin for mincha as long as you may still say ma'ariv, which is daybreak of Friday morning.

Amida: Errors: Missed Amida/Tashlumin: Shabbat/Jewish Festivals
Even if you forgot to say a prayer service on Shabbat and Jewish festivals, say the next prayer service amida and repeat THAT amida to make up (tashlumin) for the one you missed--even if it is no longer Shabbat or the Jewish festival.
Exception
There is no tashlumin for musaf. However, you may say musaf until sunset, even if you already said mincha.
Note If the time for mincha has arrived (½ hour after halachic midday), you must say mincha before saying musaf (but if you could join a mincha minyan later, you may say musaf now).
Situation
You miss Shabbat mincha.
What to Do
Say ata chonantanu in ma'ariv, but only for the first time you say the amida, not the second time (which is tashlumin).
Situation
You forget to say ma'ariv on Saturday night.
What to Do
Say ata chonantanu on Sunday morning in the second amida (which is tashlumin).

If Doubt about Whether You Said Amida
If you are not certain whether you said an amida:

• On a weekday, assume that you did not say the amida and say it anyway.  Intend that:
  • If you forgot the previous amida, this makes up for it, and
  • If you did say the previous amida, the second one is a nedava (free-will “offering”).
• On Shabbat and Jewish festivals, do not say the amida twice as tashlumin.

            Reason You may not say a voluntary prayer service (nedava) on these days.
Men who intentionally delayed saying shacharit past the fourth halachic hour of the day still say that amida until midday but if they did not say it by midday, they may not say tashlumin. See Minyan: Keeping Pace: Shacharit Minyan.