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Maror: How To Eat It
Say the blessing “al achilat maror.”
Dip the maror into the charoset and shake off all but a little bit of the charoset.
Do not lean when eating the maror.
Dip the maror into the charoset and shake off all but a little bit of the charoset.
Do not lean when eating the maror.
Note The blessing for maror was included in the borei pri ha'adama blessing, which was said on the karpas earlier in the seder.
SheHecheyanu for New Fruit You Might Not Like
SITUATION
You have a fruit on which you would like to say she'hecheyanu, but you might not like it.
WHAT TO DO
To avoid saying a pointless blessing (bracha l'vatala), you may:
You have a fruit on which you would like to say she'hecheyanu, but you might not like it.
WHAT TO DO
To avoid saying a pointless blessing (bracha l'vatala), you may:
- Say the blessing borei pri ha'eitz on a different fruit.
- Eat from the fruit you just blessed over.
- Taste the new fruit. If you like it—and before you have eaten all of the new fruit—
- Swallow the small piece you tasted (if you do not like it, you do not need to swallow it).
- Say she'hecheyanu.
- Finish eating the new fruit.
NoteWhen saying she'hecheyanu on a new fruit, there is no preference for on which fruit to say borei pri ha'eitz--you may say it on the new fruit or on any other fruit.
Fore-Blessings (Bracha Rishona): Priorities
You must say the blessing which was designed to be said on each type of food. B'diavad, a lower level blessing will still cover the food.
From lowest to highest level, here are the food fore-blessings:
From lowest to highest level, here are the food fore-blessings:
- She'hakol,
- Borei pri ha'adama,
- Borei pri ha'eitz (on common fruits),
- Borei pri ha'eitz (on the Five Special Fruits)
Note You will only say borei pri ha'eitz ONCE to include both common fruits and also special fruits that you will eat at one sitting,
- Borei minei mezonot,
- Borei pri ha'gafen, and
- Ha'motzi lechem min ha'aretz.
Desserts that HaMotzi Does Not Cover
Non-mezonot dessert foods (which often have a sweet taste) are not normally eaten with bread. Say fore-blessings on desserts at a meal (for which you have already said ha'motzi and eaten bread) only on:
- Fruit from “trees”(borei pri ha'eitz),
- Fruit from the ground (borei pri ha'adama), such as melons and strawberries, and
- Specialty items (she'hakol), such as ice cream.
Bracha Rishona: Hydroponic Vegetables
Say she'hakol on hydroponic vegetables, including bean sprouts.
Note If you don't know how the vegetables were grown, you are not required to research the source of the vegetables: you may assume that they are not hydroponic and say the fore-blessing of borei pri ha'adama.
Introduction to Jewish Festivals and Food Preparation
Food preparation forbidden on Jewish festivals includes these forbidden melachot:
- Preparing soil for planting (choreish)
- Causing plants to grow (zorei'a)
- Harvesting (kotzeir)
- Gathering (mi'ameir)
- Threshing (dash; such as milking a cow into clean container or squeezing juice for drinking)
- Winnowing (zoreh)
- Selecting (boreir) (for exceptions, see Introduction to Jewish Festivals: Selecting/Boreir)
- Grinding (tochein) (Grinding may be OK with a shinu'i; ask a rabbi for specific cases)
- Sifting (merakeid).
Note You may not use electric appliances to knead dough and you may not turn on an electric oven.
Checking Product for Bugs on Shabbat
You may check produce for bugs on Shabbat or Jewish festivals but:
-
On Shabbat, you may not remove any bugs.
ReasonYou may not move it with your hand due to the bug's being muktza and you may not rinse it off on Shabbat due to boreir.
-
On a Jewish festival, you may remove the bug but not by hand.
Example You may rinse a bug off produce on a Jewish festival.
NoteYou may not kill bugs on Shabbat or Jewish festivals. To do something that is certain to kill the bug is forbidden; if might not kill the bug, it is OK.
Note You may remove the bug along with part of the produce even on Shabbat.
Length/Objects
1 Tefach = 4 fingers' width = 3 ½” (8 cm) to 4" (10 cm)
Lavud = 3 Tefachim = 10 ½” (27 cm) to 12” (30 cm)
1 Ama = 6 Tefachim = 21 ¼” (54 cm) to 24 1/2” (63 cm) (depending on the application)
10 Tefachim = 40” (1 m) (for Shabbat border)
Lavud = 3 Tefachim = 10 ½” (27 cm) to 12” (30 cm)
1 Ama = 6 Tefachim = 21 ¼” (54 cm) to 24 1/2” (63 cm) (depending on the application)
10 Tefachim = 40” (1 m) (for Shabbat border)
Fore-Blessing: Small Amount of Pizza/Other Bread-Like Mezonot
Situation You will eat less than 1.9 fl. oz. (56 ml) of pizza or other bread-like mezonot) within four minutes.
What To Do Wash your hands using the One-Time Method, but do not say al netilat yadayim. Then say borei minei mezonot.
What To Do Wash your hands using the One-Time Method, but do not say al netilat yadayim. Then say borei minei mezonot.
When You Must Say the Kiddush Blessing after Hearing Kiddush
You must say the blessing on wine if you:
- Heard kiddush, then
- Spoke, and
- Now want to drink some wine, even from the cup over which kiddush was made.
Note If you heard someone make kiddush over a she'hakol beverage and you drank from that cup, you must say borei pri ha'gafen before drinking wine or grape juice later in the meal.
Fore-Blessings (Bracha Rishona): Which Level To Say
In general, say the highest-level fore-blessing (bracha rishona) on a food.
Note As some foods get processed by cooking or by other means, they qualify for a higher-level blessing.
Examples
Examples
-
Raw, rolled oats only merit the fore-blessing of she'hakol. But once the oats are cooked, the blessing of borei minei mezonot applies.
Note Raw oats could get the fore-blessing borei pri ha'adama, since they grow directly in the earth. But because oats are not normally considered edible when raw, they get demoted to she'hakol.
- A raw grape or raisin gets the blessing of borei pri ha'eitz. But once made into wine or grape juice, it merits borei pri ha'gafen.
Fore-Blessing: Which Grains: Mezonot/Non-Mezonot Combinations: Ice Cream Cone
The fore-blessing for ice cream cones depends on which part you prefer to eat:
Situation 1 You like the ice cream more than the cone and would eat it without the cone.
What To Do Say the fore-blessing of she'hakol.
Note She'hakol covers the cone.
After-blessing
What To Do Say the fore-blessing of she'hakol.
Note She'hakol covers the cone.
- Borei nefashot if you eat at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup--including cone, if you eat the cone) within four minutes.
- No blessing if you eat less than 1.3 fl. oz. in four minutes.
Situation 2 You like the cone and the ice cream equally.
What To Do Say borei minei mezonot (this will cover the ice cream).
After-blessing
What To Do
What To Do Say borei minei mezonot (this will cover the ice cream).
After-blessing
- Al ha' michya if you eat at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup of ice cream plus cone) within four minutes.
- No blessing if you eat less than 1.3 fl. oz. in four minutes.
What To Do
- Say she'hakol on the ice cream.
- When you get to the cone, add borei minei mezonot.
- Borei nefashot.
- Also say al ha'michya if the cone totaled at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) and you ate it within four minutes.
Introduction to Shabbat Domain/Techum Shabbat
Techum Shabbat (Shabbat domain) is the furthest distance a Jew may walk on Shabbat. Wherever you are when you start Shabbat determines your starting point for techum Shabbat :
- City/Enclosed Area If you start Shabbat in a city or enclosed area of any type, you may walk up to 0.7 mile (1 km) beyond the border (last house) of that city or enclosed area.
- Uninhabited Area If you start Shabbat in an uninhabited place, such as a forest, you may walk only within a 0.7 mile (1 km) radius of where you started Shabbat.
What To Use for Havdala
You may use any nice-smelling substance for havdala “besamim,” not just spices; but the source of the scent must be natural. There is no priority for using cinnamon.
Note For besamim, you may scratch a lemon or orange or other aromatic fruit and sniff the fruit itself (but not your hand). However, say the normal havdala blessing, borei minei v'samim, instead of the normal blessing for smelling fruits (ha'notein rei'ach tov ba'peirot).
Note For besamim, you may scratch a lemon or orange or other aromatic fruit and sniff the fruit itself (but not your hand). However, say the normal havdala blessing, borei minei v'samim, instead of the normal blessing for smelling fruits (ha'notein rei'ach tov ba'peirot).
Fore-Blessing: Bread/Cakes of Rice Flour and Mezonot Flour
In a bread containing rice flour, if at least 20\% of the flour is from one of the Five Grains, say the fore-blessing of ha'motzi (after-blessing: birkat ha'mazon).
In a cake containing mostly rice flour, if at least 20\% of the flour is from one of the Five Grains, say a fore-blessing of borei minei mezonot (after-blessing: al ha'michya).
In a cake containing mostly rice flour, if at least 20\% of the flour is from one of the Five Grains, say a fore-blessing of borei minei mezonot (after-blessing: al ha'michya).