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Introduction to Toveling: Utensils
Tevila is the Hebrew word for immersion. You must tovel (immerse in a mikva or other halachically purifying water) new utensils made of metal or other materials that require tevila unless you know that they were:
To tovel a utensil, you may go to any kosher natural mikva (see section on natural mikvas) or to a mikvat keilim (a small mikva for utensils, often attached to the outside of a regular mikva building). To tovel several items, some of which require a blessing and some on which there is doubt whether a blessing is necessary, say the blessing over the item that requires the blessing and have in mind that the blessing will cover all the rest of your items.
Remember to remove all stickers, rust, etc., before you begin. Nail polish remover may help with stubborn stickers. Say the blessing al tevilat keilim and then let the item free fall through the water. Unlike with hagala, during which the item may be immersed in sections, when you tovel a utensil, the entire item must be in contact with the water at the same time, even if only for an instant.
Toveling: Utensils: What Gets Toveled?
- Made by a Jew,
- Sold by a Jew, and
- Not owned by a non-Jew in between.
To tovel a utensil, you may go to any kosher natural mikva (see section on natural mikvas) or to a mikvat keilim (a small mikva for utensils, often attached to the outside of a regular mikva building). To tovel several items, some of which require a blessing and some on which there is doubt whether a blessing is necessary, say the blessing over the item that requires the blessing and have in mind that the blessing will cover all the rest of your items.
Remember to remove all stickers, rust, etc., before you begin. Nail polish remover may help with stubborn stickers. Say the blessing al tevilat keilim and then let the item free fall through the water. Unlike with hagala, during which the item may be immersed in sections, when you tovel a utensil, the entire item must be in contact with the water at the same time, even if only for an instant.
Toveling: Utensils: What Gets Toveled?
Note The main halacha applies to metal utensils that will be used repeatedly.
Say the blessing al tevilat keilim on metal or glass items--including Pyrex, Duralex, and Corelle-- that come in contact with food. Items that require toveling include:
The below chart is copied with permission from the Star-K (www.star-k.org):Say the blessing al tevilat keilim on metal or glass items--including Pyrex, Duralex, and Corelle-- that come in contact with food. Items that require toveling include:
- Bowls
- Cups
- Forks
- Knives
- Pans
- Plates
- Pots
- Spoons
- Storage containers (only if they are brought to the table).
Utensil | Tevila Guideline | Utensil | Tevila Guideline | |
Aluminum Pans, Disposable if intended to be used more than once |
Tevila with Brocha |
Meat Tenderizer Hammer, Metal |
No Tevila | |
Aluminum Pans, Disposable to be used only once |
Tevila w/o Brocha | Melamine | No Tevila | |
Blech | No Tevila | Metal Cutlery | Tevila with Brocha | |
Blender with metal blade on bottom | Tevila with Brocha |
Metal Flour and Sugar Storage Canisters |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Bone | No Tevila |
Metal Pots Coated with Teflon, Enamel or Plastic |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Brush, Pastry | No Tevila | Metal Spoon Specifically for Medicine | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Brush for Grill, Metal | No Tevila | Microwave Turntable, Glass | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Can Opener | No Tevila | Mixer Beaters | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Cans, Reusable Empty if opened by a Yehudi |
No Tevila | Paper | No Tevila | |
China, Bone | Tevila w/o Brocha | Peeler, Vegetable | Tevila with Brocha | |
China, Glazed | Tevila w/o Brocha | Plastic | No Tevila | |
Colander, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Porcelain Enamel | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Cookie Cutters, Metal | No Tevila | Racks, Cooling | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Cookie Sheets, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Racks, Oven | No Tevila | |
Cork Screw | No Tevila |
Rolling Pins Metal or Wood |
No Tevila | |
Corningware | Tevila w/o Brocha | Sandwich Maker | Tevila with Brocha | |
Crockpot Ceramic Insert | Tevila w/o Brocha | Silicone | No Tevila | |
Crockpot Glass Lid | Tevila w/o Brocha | Sink Racks, Stainless Steel | No Tevila | |
Crockpot Outside Metal Shell | No Tevila | Spatula, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | |
Dish Rack, Metal | No Tevila | Stoneware | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Dishes, Ceramic | Tevila w/o Brocha | Stoneware, Non-Glazed | No Tevila | |
Earthenware, Non-Glazed Dull Finish, e.g. Flower Pot |
No Tevila |
Storage Utensils, Glass not brought to the table |
No Tevila | |
George Foreman Grill | Tevila w/o Brocha | Styrofoam | No Tevila | |
Glass (including Pyrex, Duralex & Corelle) |
Tevila with Brocha | Tea Kettle, Corelle | Tevila with Brocha | |
Grater, Metal used for foods that are ready to eat, eg, apples, onions |
Tevila with Brocha |
Toaster which will not break |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Grater, Metal used only for foods that need further cooking,eg potatos |
Tevila w/o Brocha |
Toaster Oven rack & tray only |
Tevila with Brocha | |
Hamburger Maker | Tevila with Brocha | Trivet, Metal | No Tevila | |
Hot Air Popcorn Maker, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Waffle Iron | Tevila with Brocha | |
Hot Water Urn, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Warming Tray | No Tevila | |
Knife, Arts & Crafts | No Tevila | Wood | No Tevila | |
Knife Sharpener | No Tevila |
Wooden Cask with Metal Straps |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Meat Thermometer | No Tevila |
Toveling: Mixed Materials
When toveling a utensil that is partly made of metal (which requires tevila) and partly made of plastic, wood, or another material that does not require tevila, you must dip all parts of the utensil into the mikva, even the parts that would not require tevila on their own.
Toveling: Utensils: Kasher or Tovel First?
If you have a non-kosher food utensil, kasher it before you immerse it in a mikva (tevila).
Toveling: Utensils: Stickers
Before immersing a food utensil in a mikva, remove anything attached to its surfaces.
Situation A sticker or something similar is found on a plate or other utensil after tevila.
What to Do
Situation A sticker or something similar is found on a plate or other utensil after tevila.
What to Do
- If the sticker is less than half of the surface area and does not bother you by being there, the tevila is valid.
- If the sticker interferes with your use of the utensil or if you just want it removed, it must be removed and the tevila must be repeated.
Arm Tefila: How To Finish
- Unwrap the excess strap from your palm and wrap it three times around your middle finger while saying the three “v'eirastich li” phrases, one for each wrap.
- Wrap the strap around your palm in the shape of the Hebrew letter “shin.”
- Wrap the excess around your palm and tuck in the end of the strap to keep it tight and out of your way.
Note You may not say amen or reply to kaddish or kedusha if you have said the blessing on your arm tefila but have not yet said the blessing on your head tefila.
Head Tefila: How To Put On
- Place the tefila on your head tightly enough so it does not slip off under normal motion.
- Center the head tefila box on your forehead (as it appears to an average person. There is no need to look in a mirror.)
- Place the head tefila box with its front edge above your hairline (or where your hairline was when you were 13!), not further back than half-way on your skull from front to back.
- Ideally, place the knot at the back on your occipital bone (base of your skull), but you may place it lower as long as it is still on top of your hair.
- Say the second blessing, al mitzvat tefilin.
-
Tighten the tefila on your head and say, Baruch shem kevod malchuto l'olam va'ed
Reason “Al mitzvat tefilin” is a questionable blessing (safek bracha).
Note Tefilin head straps should reach at least to your navel (left strap) and mila (right strap).
Arm Tefila: How To Put On
- Place arm tefila box (bayit) on center of bicep of whichever arm you do not write with (knot on the arm tefila should touch the side of the box). If you are ambidextrous, put the tefila on your left arm.
- Say the first blessing, “lehaniach tefilin.”
- Tighten the strap.
-
Wrap the strap around your arm seven times between your cubit (inside of your arm, opposite the elbow) and your wrist.
Note If you wrap more times, it is OK.
Note You may wrap the tefilin strap over a wristwatch or put a watch on top of the tefilin strap.
Note Tefilin straps should not overlap with each other and should not be wrapped on top of the ulna protuberance, but if they do--it is permitted. - Wrap the excess around the palm of your hand (tuck in the end to keep it tight and out of the way).
Al Netilat Yadayim or Al Tevilat Yadayim: Water Fit or Not Fit
Say al netilat yadayim even if you wash your hands by immersing them in a river, ocean, or other natural body of water.
Note Say al tevilat yadayim if the water is not fit for netilat yadayim (if it smells bad, is salty, a dog would not drink it, etc.). This applies to washing before bread, after sleeping, etc.
Tefilin: Holiness: Switching Boxes by Mistake
If you inadvertently put the arm tefila (tefila shel yad) into the box for the tefila shel rosh, take it out and put it into its proper box.
Tefilin: Holiness: Head and Arm Tefilin Boxes
The box for holding the head tefila (tefila shel rosh) has a higher level of holiness than does the box for holding the arm tefila (tefila shel yad). You may not intentionally switch the boxes.
Tefilin: Storing: How To Put Away
Put tefilin into its bag so that the knot on the arm tefila (tefila shel yad”) faces away from the head tefila (tefila shel rosh).
Reason So that the arm tefila does not abrade the head tefila.
Note This is not a halacha, just good advice.
Note This is not a halacha, just good advice.
Toveling a Disposable Aluminum Pan
If a disposable aluminum pan will be used once, tovel it without a blessing. If a disposable aluminum pan will be used more than once, tovel it with a blessing (al tevilat keilim). Even if you will line it with a double layer of foil, still tovel it.
Replying during Your Private Amida
If you have finished the amida's yihiyu l'ratzon(but have not yet finished the segment from Elohai netzur through u'chshanim kadmoniyot), you may reply to:
- Bar'chu,
- Kedusha,
- Amen to ha'el ha'kadosh,
- Amen to shomei'a tefila,
- Modim anachnu lach (just those 3 words),
- Birkat cohanim, and
- Kaddish.
Tefilin: Replacing: Tefilin You Had To Take Off or That Fell Off
If you take off your tefilin because you have to, such as to go to the bathroom, or if one or both of the tefilin fall or slide off your arm or head, say:
- Both blessings again when you replace the head tefila (tefila shel rosh) on your head.
- Only the first blessing when replacing the arm tefila (tefila shel yad) on your arm.
- Each blessing in its correct place if you took off both.
Reason We say the blessing again for tefilin that fell off because there was discontinuity in thought (hesech da'at) when they fell off.
Note If you took the tefilin off between bar'chu and the end of amida and replaced them without saying the blessings:
Note If you took the tefilin off between bar'chu and the end of amida and replaced them without saying the blessings:
- Wait until after you have finished the amida, and then
- Move each of the tefilin slightly, first the arm tefila and then the head tefila, and
- Say the appropriate blessings.