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Introduction to Toveling: Utensils
Tevila is the Hebrew word for immersion. You must tovel (immerse in a mikva or other halachically purifying water) new utensils made of metal or other materials that require tevila unless you know that they were:
To tovel a utensil, you may go to any kosher natural mikva (see section on natural mikvas) or to a mikvat keilim (a small mikva for utensils, often attached to the outside of a regular mikva building). To tovel several items, some of which require a blessing and some on which there is doubt whether a blessing is necessary, say the blessing over the item that requires the blessing and have in mind that the blessing will cover all the rest of your items.
Remember to remove all stickers, rust, etc., before you begin. Nail polish remover may help with stubborn stickers. Say the blessing al tevilat keilim and then let the item free fall through the water. Unlike with hagala, during which the item may be immersed in sections, when you tovel a utensil, the entire item must be in contact with the water at the same time, even if only for an instant.
Toveling: Utensils: What Gets Toveled?
- Made by a Jew,
- Sold by a Jew, and
- Not owned by a non-Jew in between.
To tovel a utensil, you may go to any kosher natural mikva (see section on natural mikvas) or to a mikvat keilim (a small mikva for utensils, often attached to the outside of a regular mikva building). To tovel several items, some of which require a blessing and some on which there is doubt whether a blessing is necessary, say the blessing over the item that requires the blessing and have in mind that the blessing will cover all the rest of your items.
Remember to remove all stickers, rust, etc., before you begin. Nail polish remover may help with stubborn stickers. Say the blessing al tevilat keilim and then let the item free fall through the water. Unlike with hagala, during which the item may be immersed in sections, when you tovel a utensil, the entire item must be in contact with the water at the same time, even if only for an instant.
Toveling: Utensils: What Gets Toveled?
Note The main halacha applies to metal utensils that will be used repeatedly.
Say the blessing al tevilat keilim on metal or glass items--including Pyrex, Duralex, and Corelle-- that come in contact with food. Items that require toveling include:
The below chart is copied with permission from the Star-K (www.star-k.org):Say the blessing al tevilat keilim on metal or glass items--including Pyrex, Duralex, and Corelle-- that come in contact with food. Items that require toveling include:
- Bowls
- Cups
- Forks
- Knives
- Pans
- Plates
- Pots
- Spoons
- Storage containers (only if they are brought to the table).
Utensil | Tevila Guideline | Utensil | Tevila Guideline | |
Aluminum Pans, Disposable if intended to be used more than once |
Tevila with Brocha |
Meat Tenderizer Hammer, Metal |
No Tevila | |
Aluminum Pans, Disposable to be used only once |
Tevila w/o Brocha | Melamine | No Tevila | |
Blech | No Tevila | Metal Cutlery | Tevila with Brocha | |
Blender with metal blade on bottom | Tevila with Brocha |
Metal Flour and Sugar Storage Canisters |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Bone | No Tevila |
Metal Pots Coated with Teflon, Enamel or Plastic |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Brush, Pastry | No Tevila | Metal Spoon Specifically for Medicine | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Brush for Grill, Metal | No Tevila | Microwave Turntable, Glass | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Can Opener | No Tevila | Mixer Beaters | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Cans, Reusable Empty if opened by a Yehudi |
No Tevila | Paper | No Tevila | |
China, Bone | Tevila w/o Brocha | Peeler, Vegetable | Tevila with Brocha | |
China, Glazed | Tevila w/o Brocha | Plastic | No Tevila | |
Colander, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Porcelain Enamel | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Cookie Cutters, Metal | No Tevila | Racks, Cooling | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Cookie Sheets, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Racks, Oven | No Tevila | |
Cork Screw | No Tevila |
Rolling Pins Metal or Wood |
No Tevila | |
Corningware | Tevila w/o Brocha | Sandwich Maker | Tevila with Brocha | |
Crockpot Ceramic Insert | Tevila w/o Brocha | Silicone | No Tevila | |
Crockpot Glass Lid | Tevila w/o Brocha | Sink Racks, Stainless Steel | No Tevila | |
Crockpot Outside Metal Shell | No Tevila | Spatula, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | |
Dish Rack, Metal | No Tevila | Stoneware | Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Dishes, Ceramic | Tevila w/o Brocha | Stoneware, Non-Glazed | No Tevila | |
Earthenware, Non-Glazed Dull Finish, e.g. Flower Pot |
No Tevila |
Storage Utensils, Glass not brought to the table |
No Tevila | |
George Foreman Grill | Tevila w/o Brocha | Styrofoam | No Tevila | |
Glass (including Pyrex, Duralex & Corelle) |
Tevila with Brocha | Tea Kettle, Corelle | Tevila with Brocha | |
Grater, Metal used for foods that are ready to eat, eg, apples, onions |
Tevila with Brocha |
Toaster which will not break |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Grater, Metal used only for foods that need further cooking,eg potatos |
Tevila w/o Brocha |
Toaster Oven rack & tray only |
Tevila with Brocha | |
Hamburger Maker | Tevila with Brocha | Trivet, Metal | No Tevila | |
Hot Air Popcorn Maker, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Waffle Iron | Tevila with Brocha | |
Hot Water Urn, Metal | Tevila with Brocha | Warming Tray | No Tevila | |
Knife, Arts & Crafts | No Tevila | Wood | No Tevila | |
Knife Sharpener | No Tevila |
Wooden Cask with Metal Straps |
Tevila w/o Brocha | |
Meat Thermometer | No Tevila |
Bracha Meruba BaBayit HaZeh: Outside Jewish Home
If eating outside a Jewish home, including when eating outdoors, say (instead of bracha meruba…):
Ha'rachaman hu yishlach lanu bracha meruba b'halichateinu uv'yeshivateinu ad olam.
Ha'rachaman hu yishlach lanu bracha meruba b'halichateinu uv'yeshivateinu ad olam.
Bracha Meruba BaBayit HaZeh: Inside Jewish Home
Say bracha meruba ba'bayit ha'zeh only when eating in a house or apartment that is occupied by a Jewish family or a Jewish owned public building.
Bracha Rishona: Popcorn
Say borei pri ha'adama on popcorn.
Bracha Rishon: Olives
There is no separate blessing on eating olives with a meal. If you eat olives by themselves (without other food), say borei pri ha'eitz.
Bracha Rishona: Hydroponic Vegetables
Say she'hakol on hydroponic vegetables, including bean sprouts.
Note If you don't know how the vegetables were grown, you are not required to research the source of the vegetables: you may assume that they are not hydroponic and say the fore-blessing of borei pri ha'adama.
Bracha Rishona: Fiddleheads
Say borei pri ha'adama on fiddleheads (unfurled fern tops in early spring).
Bracha Rishona: Coconut Water
To drink coconut water:
- Say borei pri ha'eitz if you drink coconut water directly from the coconut.
- Say she'hakol if you pour the water out of the nut into a utensil.
Tein Bracha If in Eretz Yisrael Cheshvan 7/Dec. 4
If you are in Eretz Yisrael between Cheshvan 7 (when people in Eretz Yisrael begin saying tein tal u'matar l'vracha) and December 4 (when people outside Eretz Yisrael begin saying the phrase):
- Follow your home custom (say tein bracha in the 9th amida paragraph, bareich aleinu).
- Then, add tein tal u'matar l'vracha in the 16th amida paragraph (shema koleinu) between al teshiveinu and ki ata shomei'a.
After-Blessings (Bracha Achrona): Changing Location: Food within View
SituationYou eat one item outdoors, then eat food from another category inside your car, which is within view of where you ate the first food.
What To DoYou may say the after-blessings for both foods while in your car (or both outside of your car), even if it is a food that normally would require you to return to the place at which you ate it.
After-Blessings (Bracha Achrona): Changing Location: Did Not Intend To Continue Eating
Situation You did not, at the time you said the fore-blessing, intend to continue eating along the way. You then ate at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) of bread or mezonot within four minutes.
What To Do When you say the after-blessing, you should return to where you began eating. However, if you continued eating mezonot or bread while traveling, you may say the after-blessing in either place.
Note It is the proper practice to say a new fore-blessing (since you did not intend to continue eating along the way when you began eating) in the vehicle in which you are traveling. But even if you did not say a new fore-blessing, you may still say the after-blessing in the vehicle.
After-Blessings (Bracha Achrona): Falling Asleep for less than 30 Minutes
If you slept less than 30 minutes, you do not need to wash; you may:
- Continue eating your meal, or
- Say birkat ha'mazon (as long as you had already eaten at least 1.9 fl. oz., or 56 ml, of bread within 4 minutes).
After-Blessings (Bracha Achrona): Falling Asleep for more than 30 Minutes
If you fell asleep for more than 30 minutes in the middle of a meal:
Step 1: Wash your hands the Three-Times Method to remove the tum'a of your sleep.
Step 2a: To Continue Eating
To continue eating in this case, since the previous blessings and food are no longer relevant (due to hesech da'at), you may:
- Wash again and say ha'motzi again, and then say birkat ha'mazon, OR
- Eat other items with a fore-blessing and after-blessing (since your previous eating is finished).
Step 2b: If You Are Finished Eating
-
Say birkat ha'mazon if you are:
- Finished eating, and
- Not hungry again, after having been satiated at the meal.
-
Do not say birkat ha'mazon if you are
- Finished eating, and
- Hungry again (after having been satiated at the meal), as the original snack or meal is irrelevant to any after-blessing now.
After-Blessings (Bracha Achrona): Satiation Status: Hunger Situations
Situation You were hungry.
You ate and were satiated.
You are not yet hungry again.
You ate and were satiated.
You are not yet hungry again.
What To Do You may say bracha achrona without any time limit, until you get hungry again
Situation You were hungry.
You ate but were not satiated.
You are still hungry.
What To Do You may say bracha achrona for up to 72 minutes after having stopped eating.
Situation You were not hungry, but you ate.You ate but were not satiated.
You are still hungry.
What To Do You may say bracha achrona for up to 72 minutes after having stopped eating.
What To Do
- If you ate enough that you became satiated and now you are hungry again:
You can say after-blessing for up to 72 minutes after you finished eating.
-
If you ate enough to be satiated and are not yet hungry again:
You may say an after-blessing for up to 72 minutes OR until you are hungry again, whichever comes later. -
If you ate but did not become satiated and are still hungry:
You can say after-blessing for 72 minutes after you finished eating.
After-Blessings (Bracha Achrona): Satiation Status: General Rules
After eating or drinking the required amounts, you may say bracha achrona (including birkat ha'mazon) as long as:
- You are still satiated after having been hungry and eaten, OR
- You were not satiated after eating and it is less than 72 minutes since you finished eating.
Reason We say the effects of food last for at least 72 minutes and that 72-minute period overrides becoming hungry again even after having been satiated.