SituationYou eat one item outdoors, then eat food from another category inside your car, which is within view of where you ate the first food.

What To DoYou may say the after-blessings for both foods while in your car (or both outside of your car), even if it is a food that normally would require you to return to the place at which you ate it.

Situation You did not, at the time you said the fore-blessing, intend to continue eating along the way. You then ate at least 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) of bread or mezonot within four minutes.

If you slept less than 30 minutes, you do not need to wash; you may:

• Continue eating your meal, or
• Say birkat ha'mazon (as long as you had already eaten at least 1.9 fl. oz., or 56 ml, of bread within 4 minutes).

If you fell asleep for more than 30 minutes in the middle of a meal:

• Wash again and say ha'motzi again, and then say birkat ha'mazon, OR 
• Eat other items with a fore-blessing and after-blessing (since your previous eating is finished).

• Say birkat ha'mazon if you are:
  • Finished eating, and
  • Not hungry again, after having been satiated at the meal.
• Do not say birkat ha'mazon if you are
  • Finished eating, and
  • Hungry again (after having been satiated at the meal), as the original snack or meal is irrelevant to any after-blessing now.

Situation You were not hungry, but you ate.
What To Do

• If you ate enough that you became satiated and now you are hungry again:

• If you ate enough to be satiated and are not yet hungry again:
  You may say an after-blessing for up to 72 minutes OR until you are hungry again, whichever comes later.
• If you ate but did not become satiated and are still hungry:
  You can say after-blessing for 72 minutes after you finished eating.

When traveling, the proper practice is to:

• Finish eating where you begin eating, or
• Intend, when saying the fore-blessing, to continue eating while traveling.

ExceptionsEven if you did not intend to continue eating along the way, you may say the after-blessing wherever you are if:

If you slept less than 30 minutes, you do not need to wash; you may:

• Continue eating your meal, or
• Say birkat ha'mazon (as long as you had already eaten at least 1.9 fl. oz., or 56 ml, of bread within 4 minutes).

If you fell asleep for more than 30 minutes in the middle of a meal:
Step 1: Wash your hands the Three-Times Method to remove the tum'a of your sleep.
Step 2a: To Continue Eating
To continue eating in this case, since the previous blessings and food are no longer relevant (due to hesech da'at), you may:

• Wash again and say ha'motzi again, and then say birkat ha'mazon, OR 
• Eat other items with a fore-blessing and after-blessing (since your previous eating is finished).

Step 2b: If You Are Finished Eating

• Say birkat ha'mazon if you are:
  • Finished eating, and
  • Not hungry again, after having been satiated at the meal.
• Do not say birkat ha'mazon if you are
  • Finished eating, and
  • Hungry again (after having been satiated at the meal), as the original snack or meal is irrelevant to any after-blessing now.

Situation
You were hungry.
You ate and were satiated.
You are not yet hungry again.
What To Do
You may say bracha achrona without any time limit, until you get hungry again
Situation
You were hungry.
You ate but were not satiated.
You are still hungry.
What To Do
You may say bracha achrona for up to 72 minutes after having stopped eating.
Situation
You were not hungry, but you ate.
What To Do

• If you ate enough that you became satiated and now you are hungry again:

You can say after-blessing for up to 72 minutes after you finished eating.

• If you ate enough to be satiated and are not yet hungry again:

You may say an after-blessing for up to 72 minutes OR until you are hungry again, whichever comes later.

• If you ate but did not become satiated and are still hungry:

You can say after-blessing for 72 minutes after you finished eating.

After eating or drinking the required amounts, you may say bracha achrona (including birkat ha'mazon) as long as:

• You are still satiated after having been hungry and eaten, OR
• You were not satiated after eating and it is less than 72 minutes since you finished eating.

Reason We say the effects of food last for at least 72 minutes and that 72-minute period overrides becoming hungry again even after having been satiated.

You must repeat the after-blessing for mezonot, wine/grape juice, or any of the Five Special Fruits if you ate items from more than one of those categories, said the after-blessing for just one of them, and forgot the other. 

To say any after-blessing/bracha achrona (al ha'michya, al ha'gafen, al ha'eitz, borei nefashot, or birkat ha'mazon), you must:

• Eat at least the minimum volume (1.3 fl. oz.--39 ml, or 1/6 cup) of solid food within four minutes, or
• Drink at least 3.3 fl. oz. (99 ml) of liquid within 30 seconds.

If Did Not Eat Minimum

Do not say bracha achrona if you did not eat 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml) within four minutes.

If Did Not Drink Minimum

Do not say bracha achrona if you did not drink 3.3 fl. oz. (99 ml) of any potable liquid within 30 seconds. Note You may not combine the volume of solid food to liquid food or liquid food to solid food that you ate and drank in order to make the minimum volume for an after-blessing.

If Did Not Eat or Drink Minimum

Size: How To Calculate

Ounces: Weight or Volume

The minimum quantity for saying after-blessings is based on volume, not weight. If you eat a pack of pretzels whose volume is 1.3 fl. oz., even though the label says it only weighs 0.5 oz., you would say an after-blessing of al ha'michya.

Figuring Volume

Figuring Volume: Non-Mezonot Foods

You may not include the volume of fish or meat or other foods eaten together with bread or matza in order to reach a total volume of 1 fl. oz., which is required for saying the after-blessing of birkat ha'mazon. However, you may combine the volumes in order to say borei nefashot.

Figuring Volume: Unswallowed Pits/Seeds

When eating foods with seeds or pits (olives, pomegranates, etc.), do not include unswallowed seeds or pits to reach the 1.3 fl. oz. (39 ml, or 1/6 cup) minimum volume needed to say an after-blessing. You may include only what you have swallowed.

D'Oraita Cases

For d'oraita cases (halachot from the Torah), such as eating matza at seder or drinking wine for kiddush, we use a more stringent minimum measure:

• Eat at least 1.9 fl. oz. (56 ml) of solid food within four minutes, or
• Drink at least 4 fl. oz. (119 ml) of liquid within 30 seconds.

Timing

When To Start Counting

You may start counting the period of four minutes (for eating at least 1.3 fl. oz.) or 30 seconds (for drinking at least 3.3 fl. oz.) any time after the fore-blessing as long as it is continuous from when you first swallow until you have swallowed the minimum amount.

Like fore-blessings, say the highest level of after-blessing (bracha achrona) that applies.

There are five Bracha Achrona blessings on food:

• Al HaMichya
• Al HaGefen
• Al Ha'Eitz
• Borei Nefashot
• Birkat HaMazon.